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Peripheral inflammation predicts motor, cognitive, and disease progression in Parkinson’s disease: A 4-year longitudinal study from the PPMI cohorts

Published Online: 2026-03-30

Published Print: 2026-04

Authors

Chen, Zonghui

Xie, Lijuan

Jin, Qingwen

Shi, Mingchao https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8337-7732
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-03-30

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Article History

Received: 4 February 2026

Accepted: 22 March 2026

First Online: 30 March 2026

Declarations

:

: All the authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

: This study is a secondary analysis of de-identified data from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI). The PPMI study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. Ethical approval was obtained from the institutional review boards or ethics committees of all participating institutions. Written informed consent was acquired from all participants prior to study enrollment. No additional ethical approval was required for the present secondary analysis.

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