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Authors
Wang, Na https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0992-9312
Guo, Liang https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9059-1028
Shi, Menglian
Wang, Long
Zhou, Ying
Liu, Huanbing
Xu, Xinqun https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0788-7427
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the central government and guides local funds for science and technology development (20221ZDG020070)
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Article History
Received: 17 September 2025
Accepted: 3 May 2026
First Online: 27 May 2026
Declarations
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: The study procedures were approved by the ethical review committee of the National Center for Health Statistics.
: NHANES is a public dataset and all participants provided a written informed consent.
: The study procedures were structured in line with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.
