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Authors
Qiao, Xin
Zhang, Jingjing
Zhai, Zhinan
Li, Yuechuan
Gu, Songtao
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Tianjin Key Medical Discipline Construction Project (TJYXZDXK-3-032C)
Tianjin Key Medical Discipline Construction Project (TJYXZDXK-3-032C)
Tianjin Key Medical Discipline Construction Project (TJYXZDXK-3-032C)
Tianjin Key Medical Discipline Construction Project (TJYXZDXK-3-032C)
Tianjin Key Medical Discipline Construction Project (TJYXZDXK-3-032C)
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Article History
Received: 25 August 2025
Accepted: 1 October 2025
First Online: 14 October 2025
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and has been approved by the ethics committees of Tianjin Chest Hospital (2024LW-011). Informed consent was waived because of retrospective nature and patient information was de-identified and anonymized throughout the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
