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Authors
Hoeve-Bakker, B. J. A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3872-3437
Kerkhof, K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2208-9902
van Dam, A. P. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3967-550X
Hovius, J. W. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0066-2437
Voordouw, A. C. G. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3003-9187
ter Hofstede, H. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4107-0641
Brandenburg, A. H. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7624-4800
Thijsen, S. F. T. https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8411-1653
Notermans, D. W. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9494-0989
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Article History
Received: 30 June 2025
Accepted: 5 October 2025
First Online: 30 October 2025
Declarations
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: Patients’ privacy and confidentiality were managed in accordance with the General Data Protection Regulation and relevant national legislation. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained in compliance with the participating institutes’ regulations.
: J.W. Hovius reports research grants from Pfizer, Moderna, Abbott, Biorad and Zeus, consulting fees for advisory board from Pfizer and Tarsus, filed patents for LB diagnostics, and steering committee activity for the National Dutch Lyme borreliosis expertise center (NLe) and the ESCMID study group on Lyme borreliosis (ESGBOR), all outside this work. The other authors declare no competing interests.
