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Authors
Ding, Zewen
Hou, Jiapu
Sun, Ruiyang
Jia, Wanyu
Li, Peng
Song, Chunlan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project (252102311119)
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Article History
Received: 9 October 2025
Accepted: 4 November 2025
First Online: 15 November 2025
Declarations
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: This work was supported by the Medical Ethics Committee of Henan Children’s Hospital and Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital (2025-KY-0037-001). Given the retrospective nature of the study, the Medical Ethics Committee of Henan Children’s Hospital and Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital has agreed to waive informed consent. The study adhered to the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: The data used in this study have been obtained with the consent of the person concerned. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
: The authors confirmed that human study participants provided informed consent for the release of the images in Figs. 1 and 2; Tables 1 and 2, and 3, and 4, and 5.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
