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Authors
Marino, Andrea
Maraolo, Alberto Enrico
Mazzitelli, Maria
Oliva, Alessandra
Geremia, Nicholas
De Vito, Andrea
Cosentino, Federica
Gullotta, Chiara
Scaglione, Vincenzo
Vania, Eleonora
Lo Menzo, Sara
Navalesi, Paolo
Volpicelli, Lorenzo
Fiori, Andrea
Prestifilippo, Pamela
Cattelan, Annamaria
Mastroianni, Claudio Maria
Madeddu, Giordano
Cacopardo, Bruno
Nunnari, Giuseppe
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Università degli Studi di Catania
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Article History
Received: 25 March 2026
Accepted: 27 April 2026
First Online: 5 May 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and received approval from the local Ethics Committees (Protocols: 101/CECT2, 0069/2022, and 0341/2023). Given the retrospective study design, the requirement for informed consent was waived.
Informed consent: was waived due to the retrospective nature of the research.
Conflict of interest: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
