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Authors
Ali, Gawahir A.
Al-Jabri, Maha Y. https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4990-0476
Goravey, Wael
Shunnar, Khaled M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5955-7394
Najim, Mostafa https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1848-2346
Daghfal, Joanne https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4296-2131
Hamid, Jemal M.
Hassan, Ahmed M.
Ibrahim, Emad B. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8526-1028
Eltayeb, Faiha
Sultan, Ali A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0342-0313
Hadi, Hamad Abdel https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8647-1695
Al Maslamani, Muna https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4547-2370
Stegger, Marc https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0321-1180
Omrani, Ali S. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5309-6358
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Hamad Medical Corporation
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Article History
Received: 27 April 2026
Accepted: 7 July 2026
First Online: 18 August 2026
Declarations
Ethical approval: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Institutional Review Board of Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar (MRC-01–20–766), with a waiver for informed consent.
Competing interests: HA received speaker’s and advisory board participation honoraria from MSD. ASO received speaker’s and advisory board participation honoraria from Gilead Sciences, Pfizer, MSD, Hikma, Cepheid, BioMérieux, and Mundipharma. The remaining authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
