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Conversion of palm oil mill wastes into high-value biochar and syngas using wet torrefaction and gasification with palm oil mill effluent as a liquid stream

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-025-03213-w

Published Online: 2025-06-13

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Aziz, Nur Atiqah Mohamad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0081-2135
Yu, Kai Ling

Mohamed, Hassan

Zainal, Bidattul Syirat

Mahlia, Teuku Meurah Indra

Ong, Hwai Chyuan

Hamid, Hamidah Abd

Kania, Dina

Salehmin, Mohd Nur Ikhmal

Yap, Taufiq Yun Hin
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

Higher Institution Centre of Excellence Fund (JPT.S(BPKI)2000/016/018/015Jld.4(21)/2022002HICOE, JPT.S(BPKI)2000/016/018/015Jld.4(21)/2022002HICOE, JPT.S(BPKI)2000/016/018/015Jld.4(21)/2022002HICOE)

Akaun Amanah Industri Bekalan Elektrik (AAIBE) Chair of Renewable Energy (202004KETTHA, 202004KETTHA)

Dato’ Low Tuck Kwong International Energy Transition Grant (202203003ETG, 202203003ETG, 202203003ETG)

UNITEN through Highly Cited Researcher (BOLDREFRESH2025, BOLDREFRESH2025)
License Information

Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-06-13

Version of Record valid from 2025-06-13
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Article History

Received: 25 September 2024

Accepted: 13 May 2025

First Online: 13 June 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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