Kemala, Dini
Jamian, Nor Ruwaida
Abdul Manaf, Norhuda
Milani, Dia
Abbas, Ali
Shah, Nilay
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Higher Education under Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS/1/2024/TK08/UTM/02/17)
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (R.K130000.7843.4L910)
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Article History
Received: 21 May 2025
Accepted: 9 February 2026
First Online: 2 March 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Some of the data reported in this manuscript were obtained through online surveys and interviews (both virtual and face-to-face). This manuscript presents information that may be beneficial to stakeholders, government bodies, industries, and the public regarding the installation and commercialization of solar technologies. The data are reported in aggregated form (counts and percentages), ensuring that individual participants cannot be identified. The nature of the data is non-sensitive, and the study would generally be classified as low risk (as reflected in the scope of the survey and interview provided in Supplementary S3 Table). Permission to conduct the survey and interviews was obtained from all participants, who were fully informed about the purpose of the study, and how their responses would be used and stored. All respondents have been anonymized, and no personally identifiable information is disclosed. As such, there is no reasonable risk of identity disclosure. However, the study has not been reviewed or approved by a human research ethics committee.