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Authors
Shiwen, Li
Tianyu, Hu
Valentinovich, Ivanenko Andrei
Jiayuan, Xu
Wenyu, Wang
Quan, Qi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Bethune·Special Research Fund Project (BK-JP2021001)
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Article History
Received: 30 July 2024
Accepted: 3 November 2025
First Online: 15 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University(Grant No. [IRB-AF/SC-04/02.0] ). All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: This study was conducted as a retrospective analysis of existing clinical data. The research protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University. As the study involved the analysis of de-identified and anonymized patient data. The use of retrospective data without direct patient involvement aligns with ethical guidelines and ensures the protection of patient privacy and confidentiality.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable.
