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Article History

Received: 3 December 2025

Accepted: 19 April 2026

First Online: 29 April 2026

Declarations

:

: The study was reviewed and approved by the Scarborough Health Network Research Ethics Board.

: The ethics committee determined that the project met the criteria for a quality improvement initiative under the Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans (TCPS2). Therefore, the requirement for informed consent was formally waived (determination dated April 16, 2021).

: Study participants were not involved in the design, conduct, interpretation, or translation of the current research.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests in related to this work. LG reports a consultancy relationship with Erica B-Cure Ltd., the manufacturer of the device. The PBM device and thermal camera were provided by the company to RR. The company had no role in the study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, or manuscript preparation.