Updates are available Correction dated 2025-10-28
Click to view Correction: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10109-025-00480-5
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Authors
Barceló, MariaA.
Saez, Marc https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1882-0157
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
AGAUR, the Department of Climate Action, Food and Rural Agenda and by the Department of Research and Universities, both from the Government of Catalonia (2023 CLIMA 00037)
Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (2021 SGR 01)
Universitat de Girona
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Article History
Received: 29 September 2024
Accepted: 25 August 2025
First Online: 22 September 2025
Change Date: 28 October 2025
Change Type: Correction
Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:
Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10109-025-00480-5
Declarations
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: The manuscript is an original contribution that has not been published before, whole or in part, in any format, including electronically. All authors will disclose any actual or potential conflict of interest including any financial, personal, or other relationships with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence or be perceived to influence their work, within three years of beginning the submitted work.
: During the writing of the article, the authors have not used any type of AI or AI-assisted technologies.
: All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. Regarding mortality data, data usage from the Information System for Research in Primary Care (SIDIAP) is authorized by the Catalan Health Institute (ICS) and the Data Analysis Program for Health Research and Innovation (PADRIS). These public organizations ensure the protection of individuals’ privacy through pseudo-anonymization of the data. For linking with other public data sources, ICS or PADRIS serves as Trusted Third Parties (TTPs) to perform the linkage process and provide the newly pseudo-anonymized dataset. In cases where access to personal data requires patient consent, the same TTPs are involved. SIDIAP does not provide re-identifiable information, implementing measures such as aggregations and deletions to maintain pseudo-anonymization. All data management adheres to legal requirements, including the General Data Protection Regulation (EU) 2016/679 and Organic Law 3/2018, of 5 December, which safeguards personal data and digital rights. Secure servers were used for data storage, ensuring compliance with these regulations. As patient data extracted from the database were irreversibly pseudonymized, written informed consent was not required.
