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From the “rain-fed triad” to “Europe’s orchard”: the dependence of Spanish agricultural production on irrigation and pollination

Published Online: 2025-11-25

Published Print: 2025-12

Authors

Thomasz, Esteban Otto https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3044-5724
Kasanzew, Andrés

Garcia-Garcia, Agustín
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

European Regional Development Fund (LA3 y LA4)

European Regional Development Fund (del programa de I+D+I en el Área de Biodiversidad financiadas con los fondos del Programa Operativo FEDER Extremadura 2021-2027)

Universidad de Extremadura
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-11-25

Version of Record valid from 2025-11-25
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Article History

Received: 8 April 2025

Accepted: 15 October 2025

First Online: 25 November 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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