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Article History

Received: 9 December 2025

Accepted: 23 March 2026

First Online: 6 April 2026

Declarations

:

: All participants provided informed consent, in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Institute of Educational Sciences at the Corresponding Author’s University.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: During the preparation of this work, the authors utilized Gemini (a Large Language Model) exclusively for language assistance, including improving readability, ensuring grammatical precision, and refining the stylistic flow of the Introduction, Discussion, and Conclusion sections. The AI tool was not employed for conceptual development, study design, data collection, or statistical analysis. Following the use of this technology, the authors critically reviewed, edited, and verified all AI-generated linguistic suggestions and take full responsibility for the final content of the publication.