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Article History

Received: 18 June 2025

Accepted: 4 September 2025

First Online: 4 October 2025

Change Date: 17 November 2025

Change Type: Update

Change Details: This article was originally published under the subscription model but it is now published under an Open Access license.

Declarations

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: The authors declare financial and non-financial relationships with the following organizations that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. WT, KW, and LZ are employees of BeOne Medicines. WT and LZ report stock or stock options from BeOne Medicines. JS, EP, and BH are employees of EVERSANA who received funding from BeOne Medicines for conducting the statistical analyses that informed this study. JA has received research grants or contracts from AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, DeltaFly, Gilead, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Prolinx, Servier, Taiho Pharmaceuticals, and Zymeworks. JA reports consulting fees from Aadi, AstraZeneca, BeOne Medicines, Bristol Myers Squibb, Daiichi, Gilead, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Kyowa-Kirin, Leap Therapeutics, Merck Sharpe and Dohme, Novartis, Servier, Taiho Pharmaceuticals, and Zymeworks; support for attending meetings and/or travel from Astellas Pharma and Zymeworks; and participation on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board from BeOne Medicines. MA reports consulting fees from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Lilly, Merck Sharp & Dohme, and Servier; and payment or honoraria received as a speaker and/or in an advisory role from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Lilly, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Roche, and Servier; and support for attending meetings and/or travel from Lilly. MM reports consulting fees from Amgen, Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca, Bayer, BeOne Medicines, Bristol Myers Squibb, Dragonfly, Lilly, Merck Serono, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche/Genentech, Servier, and Taiho Pharmaceuticals; payment or honoraria received as a speaker and/or in an advisory role from Amgen, Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca/MedImmune, Bristol Myers Squibb, Daiichi Sankyo, Pierre Fabre, Falk Foundation, Merck Serono, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Nordic, Sanofi, Roche/Genentech, Servier, and Transcenta; other financial or non-financial interests from Amgen, Bayer, BeOne Medicines, American Society of Clinical Oncology, German Cancer Society, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, European Society of Medical Oncology, Merck Serono, Merck Sharp & Dohme, and Roche/Genentech. KL has received research grants or contracts from ALX Oncology, Amgen, Arcus Pharmaceuticals, Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca/MedImmune, BeOne Medicines, Bolt Biotherapeutics, Daiichi Sankyo, Elevar Therapeutics, Erasca, Exelixis, Genome & Company, GlaxoSmithKline, Hanmi, IgM Biosciences, Ildong Pharmaceuticals, InventBio, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Leap Therapeutics, Macrogenics, Medicenna, MedPacto, Merck KGaA, Metafines, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Ono Pharmaceutical, Panolos Bioscience, Roche/Genentech, Seagen, Taiho Pharmaceuticals, Trisula Therapeutics, Wellmarker Bio, and Y-BIOLOGICS; consulting fees from AbbVie, Astellas Pharma, Daiichi Sankyo, Metafines, and Merck Sharp & Dohme; and payment or honoraria received as a speaker and/or in an advisory role from Astellas Pharma, Daiichi Sankyo, Merck KGaA, and Sanofi Aventis.

: This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.