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Authors
Matsunaga, Tomoyuki https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4563-8940
Endo, Hideki
Yamamoto, Hiroyuki
Kumagai, Koshi
Kanaji, Shingo
Kawakami, Hisato
Kusano, Chika
Kushima, Ryoji
Fujishiro, Mitsuhiro
Yamaguchi, Kensei
Yoshikawa, Takaki
Doki, Yuichiro
Kakeji, Yoshihiro
Fujiwara, Yoshiyuki
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Article History
Received: 1 August 2025
Accepted: 16 November 2025
First Online: 2 January 2026
Change Date: 7 January 2026
Change Type: Update
Change Details: This article has been updated to amend a typo in the last sentence of the Results section of the Abstract.
Declarations
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: Hideki Endo and Hiroyuki Yamamoto are affiliated with the Department of Healthcare Quality Assessment at the University of Tokyo. The department is a social collaboration department supported by the National Clinical Database, Johnson & Johnson K.K., Nipro Corporation, and Intuitive Surgical Sàrl. Koshi Kumagai has received honoraria from Abbott Japan LLC, Medtronic Japan Co., Ltd., Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nobelpharma Co., Ltd., Nutri Co., Ltd., the Japan Surgical Association, Zeon Medical Inc., and Zeria Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Hisato Kawakami has received consulting or advisory fees from Astellas Pharma Inc., AbbVie GK, and Daiichi-Sankyo Co., Ltd.; honoraria from Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Ltd., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Eli Lilly Japan K.K., MSD K.K., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Daiichi-Sankyo Co., Ltd., Merck Biopharma Co., Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yakult Pharmaceutical Industry (Takata Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Novartis International AG, Bayer Yakuhin Ltd., Amgen Inc., Astellas Pharma Inc., and Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.; and research funding from Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Ltd., Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Astellas Pharma Inc., and Eisai Co., Ltd. Kensei Yamaguchi has received honoraria from Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Bristol-Myers Squibb K.K., Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Merck Biopharma Co., Ltd., and Astellas Pharma Inc. The other authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Tottori University (24A161) and was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and the latest version of the Declaration of Helsinki. We obtained informed consent for this study using an opt-out method posted on the website, which was approved by the Institutional Review Board.
