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Article History

Received: 13 October 2025

Accepted: 10 December 2025

First Online: 21 January 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships, which may be considered potential competing interests: SE has received speaker honoraria from Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Bristol Myers Squibb Co., MSD K.K., and Takata Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. TO has received payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers’ bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Medtronic Japan Co., Ltd., Johnson & Johnson K.K., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and Bristol Myers Squibb Co. NT has received payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers’ bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Bristol Myers Squibb Co., and AstraZeneca K.K. YK has received research funding and lecture fees from Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd outside the submitted work. TSa has received payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers’ bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Bristol Myers Squibb Co., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., AstraZeneca K.K., and MSD K.K.; and research grants or contracts from Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Prelude Therapeutics Inc., Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., and Amgen K.K. All remaining authors declare no conflicts of interest.

: All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964 and later versions.

: All patients provided written informed consent.