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Article History

Received: 27 December 2025

Accepted: 8 June 2026

First Online: 15 July 2026

Declarations

Conflicts of interest: H.H. has received honoraria from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Ono Pharmaceutical, Novartis, Daiichi-Sankyo and Taiho Pharmaceutical and has received grants from PPD, Daiichi-Sankyo, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim, ALX Oncology, BeiGene, Novartis, Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Seagen, and Taiho Pharmaceutical. Y.N has received honoraria from AstraZeneca, Eisai, Ono, Guardant, Takeda, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Chugai, PDR Pharma, Nihon Kayaku, Taiho, Bristol, Bayer, Daiichi Sankyo, MSD, and Gilead and has received grants from ABBVIE, Ono, Daiichi Sankyo, Taiho, Pfizer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Eisai, AstraZeneca, Chugai, Bayer, Takeda, Anthos Therapeutics, and Gilead and has received consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Eisai, Gilead, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Chugai, Taiho, Bayer, and Daiichi Sankyo. T.T has received honoraria from Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., Tsumura & Co., and TAIHO PHARMACEUTICAL, CO., LTD. M.H.R has received honoraria from Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, DAEHWA Pharmaceutical, Daiichi Sankyo, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Ono Pharmaceutical, and Taiho Pharmaceutical, and has received consulting fees from Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, DAEHWA Pharmaceutical, Daiichi Sankyo, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Ono Pharmaceutical, and Taiho Pharmaceutical, and has received grants from AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb and Ono Pharmaceutical. C.C.Y has received grants from Deciphera, BioAtla, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cogent Biosciences, Polaris, Taiho, PharmaEssentia, GSK, Napo Pharmaceuticals, and Rain Therapeutics and has participated on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board for Daiichi Sankyo and FullHope Biomedical. L.T.C has received honoraria from Novartis, CStone and ACTgenomics, and has grants from ACT Genomics, Pfizer, Novartis, and Taiho, and has received consulting fees from Academab Biomedical Inc, and has participated on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board for ONO PHARMACEUTICAL, AstraZeneca, Astellas, TTY and MSD. T.N has received honoraria from Pfizer, Taiho Pharma and Eisai, and has received consulting fees from Taiho Pharma.