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Article History

Received: 25 February 2025

Revised: 25 August 2025

Accepted: 26 August 2025

First Online: 8 September 2025

Declarations

:

: This study did not involve human participants or vertebrate animals, but only microorganisms isolated from cocoa fermentation processes. Therefore, submission to human or animal ethics committees was not required. Nevertheless, all sampling and microbiological analyses were conducted in accordance with the research ethics and biosafety guidelines established by the University of Nariño and national regulations in Colombia.

: Not applicable. The manuscript does not include any personal data, images, or information requiring consent for publication.

: The authors declare no competing interests.