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Authors
Idris, Hamidah
Hairi, Hamizah Hazmeen
Ahmad, Amirah
Danish-Daniel, Muhd
Zin, Noraziah M.
Sanderson, Roy A.
Raja Yahya, Mohd Fakharul Zaman
Majhool, Ali Arkan
Hassan, Mohd Yazid
Azman, Muhammad Adib Zakwan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
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Article History
Received: 29 August 2025
Revised: 6 January 2026
Accepted: 14 January 2026
First Online: 19 February 2026
Declarations
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: The collection and analysis of BRIS soil samples was obtained in collaboration with the Department of Agriculture Malaysia (DOA), ensuring compliance with all environmental guidelines.
: All authors approved the manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
