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Authors
Khan, Muhammad Naveed
Rahmad, Norasfaliza
Kamaruddin, Nurhaida
Al-Obaidi, Jameel R.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
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Article History
Received: 9 February 2026
Revised: 9 March 2026
Accepted: 13 March 2026
First Online: 7 April 2026
Declarations
Ethical approval and consent to participate: Not applicable.
Written informed consent: Not necessary.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
