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Vitamin B12 is Essential for Growth, Innate Immunity, Antioxidant Capacity, Fatty Acid and Amino Acid Metabolism, and Ammonia Tolerance in Pacific White Shrimp, Penaeus vannamei

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-025-10512-2

Published Online: 2025-09-08

Published Print: 2025-10

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Medagoda, Nalin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5835-1423
Lee, Kyeong-Jun https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0268-578X
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-09-08

Version of Record valid from 2025-09-08
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Article History

Received: 7 January 2025

Accepted: 14 August 2025

First Online: 8 September 2025

Declarations

:

: The Animal Welfare and Research Ethics Committee of Jeju National University approved protocols for animal husbandry and analysis (approval no: 2022–0029). The authors adhered to institutional, national and international guidelines during the handling and sampling of shrimp.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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