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Authors
Liu, Chen
Yao, Dianzhi
Jiang, Yulu
Huo, Chuncao
Zhang, Jinhai
Yi, Suyuan
Yang, Wenhao
Han, Yijing
Liu, Yaqiong
Wang, Xiaotong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2023QC107)
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2022QC233)
Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province (2022LZGC015)
Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System of Shandong Province (SDAIT-14-01)
Special Funds for the Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province (tstp20240518)
Special Supporting Funds for Leading Talents above Provincial Level in Yantai City (202203)
Aquaculture Seed Industry Promotion Project of Yantai City (2023HD)
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Article History
Received: 13 August 2025
Accepted: 2 October 2025
First Online: 18 October 2025
Declarations
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: Not Applicable. Ethical review and approval was not required because Haliotis discus hannai is not an endangered or protected species and is not a vertebrate.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
