Su, Nan
Wang, Jiwei
Xue, Zhiwei
Peng, Shujie
Xing, Wenchen
Jin, Haoyong
Zhao, Jiangli
He, Yanya
Shi, Jiaqi
Li, Wenbo
Wei, Qijian
Huang, Bin
Li, Chao
Wang, Xinyu
Liu, Pei
Yang, Ning
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2022MH155, ZR2023MH382)
Qilu hygiene and health outstanding youth project
Article History
Received: 7 May 2025
Revised: 2 October 2025
Accepted: 15 October 2025
First Online: 22 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The validation cohort consisted of independent sequencing data previously approved by the ethics committee of Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (ethics number 2021071, approved on May 13, 2021), which included 10 diabetic control samples and 10 DFU samples.
: Not applicable.
: not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.