How, Nathan E.
Street, John T.
Dvorak, Marcel F.
Fisher, Charles G.
Kwon, Brian K.
Paquette, Scott
Smith, Justin S.
Shaffrey, Christopher I.
Ailon, Tamir
Funding for this research was provided by:
Queen's University (J.D. Hatcher Award)
Article History
Received: 29 November 2017
Revised: 18 January 2018
Accepted: 25 January 2018
First Online: 6 February 2018
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: The authors report no conflict of interest concerning the materials or methods used in this study or the findings specified in this paper.
: The great majority of included studies were observational in nature, and of those the most were retrospective. Hence, they did not require formal consent, but did abide by institutional ethical standards. All procedures performed in non-observational studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: Portions of this work were presented in poster format at the 5th annual Medical Student Research Showcase at Queen’s University in Kingston, Ontario, Canada on September 21st 2016.