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Article History

Received: 6 August 2024

Revised: 31 August 2024

Accepted: 8 September 2024

First Online: 1 October 2024

Declarations

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: This retrospective study involving human participants was in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The Human Investigation Committee (IRB) of Tianjin Huanhu Hospital approved this study. Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study and all enrolled patients or their families before conducting this clinical study. We followed the principle of confidentiality and respected any wishes of the patients.

: The authors affirm that human research participants provided written informed consent for publication of the images in Figs. , , , and and Videos and .

: The authors declare no competing interests.