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Authors
Tos, Salem M.
Osama, Mahmoud
Mantziaris, Georgios
Hajikarimloo, Bardia
Adeeb, Nimer
Kandregula, Sandeep
Salim, Hamza Adel
Musmar, Basel
Ogilvy, Christopher S.
Kondziolka, Douglas
Dmytriw, Adam A.
Naamani, Kareem El
Abdelsalam, Ahmed
Kumbhare, Deepak
Gummadi, Sanjeev
Ataoglu, Cagdas
Essibayi, Muhammed Amir
Erginoglu, Ufuk
Keles, Abdullah
Muram, Sandeep
Sconzo, Daniel
Riina, Howard
Rezai, Arwin
Pöppe, Johannes
Sen, Rajeev D.
Kim, Louis J.
Alwakaa, Omar
Griessenauer, Christoph J.
Jabbour, Pascal
Tjoumakaris, Stavropoula I.
Burkhardt, Jan-Karl
Starke, Robert M.
Baskaya, Mustafa K.
Sekhar, Laligam N.
Levitt, Michael R.
Altschul, David J.
Haranhalli, Neil
McAvoy, Malia
Abushehab, Abdallah
Aslan, Assala
Swaid, Christian
Abla, Adib
Stapleton, Christopher
Koch, Matthew
Srinivasan, Visish M.
Chen, Peng R.
Blackburn, Spiros
Choudhri, Omar
Pukenas, Bryan
Orbach, Darren
Smith, Edward
Möhlenbruch, Markus
Alaraj, Ali
Aziz-Sultan, Ali
Patel, Aman B.
Savardekar, Amey
Cuellar, Hugo H.
Dlouhy, Kathleen
El Ahmadieh, Tarek
Lawton, Michael
Siddiqui, Adnan
Morcos, Jacques
Guthikonda, Bharat
Sheehan, Jason
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Article History
Received: 14 October 2024
Revised: 14 March 2025
Accepted: 16 March 2025
First Online: 31 March 2025
Declarations
:
: This retrospective multicenter clinical cohort study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of University of Virginia Hospital. Due to the retrospective nature of the study, the requirement for informed consent was waived by the IRB. All patient data were anonymized and de-identified prior to analysis to ensure patient confidentiality.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
