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Article History

Received: 11 December 2024

Revised: 25 April 2025

Accepted: 18 May 2025

First Online: 3 June 2025

Declarations

:

: Ethics approval and consent to participate this retrospective chart review study involving human participants was in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The Human Investigation Committee (IRB) of Huanhu Hospital Affiliated to Tianjin Medical University approved this study. Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study and all enrolled patients or their families before conducting this clinical study. We followed the principle of confidentiality and respected any wishes of the patients.

: The authors affirm that human research participants provided written informed consent for publication of the images.

: The authors declare no competing interests.