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Authors
Zhu, Deyuan
Wang, Chuanchuan
Hu, Rongguo
Zhao, Jihu
Cao, Wei
Qi, Dayong
Zhang, Kangqing
Song, Tonghui
Liu, Jianmin
Tang, Sizhao
Fang, Yibin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Training Program for Excellent Young Clinical Medical Talents in Hongkou District (HKLCYQ2024-05)
Medical research subject of Hongkou District Health Committee (2022-28)
Scientific funding of Shanghai fourth people’s hospital (sykyqd06701)
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Article History
Received: 11 March 2025
Revised: 11 May 2025
Accepted: 18 May 2025
First Online: 27 May 2025
Declarations
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: This was a retrospective study that did not involve any new human subjects, human material, or identifiable personal data. As such, formal ethics committee approval was not required in accordance with institutional and national guidelines.
: This study protocol received approval from the Institutional Review Boards of both hospitals, and the requirement for informed consent was waived.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
