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Article History

Received: 12 January 2025

Revised: 5 May 2025

Accepted: 27 May 2025

First Online: 3 June 2025

Declarations

:

: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the ethic commission of the Heidelberg Medical Faculty, Heidelberg, Germany and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: Informed consent was not necessary due to the retrospective character of the study.

: Consent to participate was not necessary due to the retrospective character of the study.

: Consent to publish was not required, as no potentially identifying information is displayed in the material published.

: MJ has received lecturing and tutoring grants from Inomed Medizintechnik GmbH. SMK is a consultant for Ulrich medical (Ulm, Germany), Brainlab AG (Munich, Germany) and Need Inc (San Francisco, USA). All other authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers’ bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.

: The authors declare no competing interests.