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Authors
Long, Zongke
Hu, Xiaole
Liu, Jian
Zhou, Peiyun
Zhang, Bingyan
Zhang, Simeng
Wei, Huimin
Qu, Wenran
Luan, Xiaorong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8181-4852
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Article History
Received: 12 November 2024
Revised: 27 May 2025
Accepted: 28 May 2025
First Online: 6 June 2025
Declarations
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: This retrospective study met the ethical standards of the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of the School of Nursing and Rehabilitation at Shandong University.
: This study does not require signed informed consent. All patient identity information was removed to protect privacy and confidentiality.
: All authors on our team agree to publish.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
