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Authors
Serva, Stephanie N. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2491-2752
Brindley, Elena
Carreras, Angeleah
Shelley, India
Mendoza-Ayús, Santiago David
Glener, Steven R.
Intenzo, Charles
Harrop, James S.
Heller, Joshua E.
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Article History
Received: 8 May 2025
Revised: 3 October 2025
Accepted: 20 October 2025
First Online: 7 November 2025
Declarations
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: This retrospective chart review study involving human participants was in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study, and patient data were anonymized to ensure confidentiality. Approval for this study was provided by Thomas Jefferson University Office of Human Research Protection (IRB).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable.
