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Authors
Liu, Ming
Li, Jixian
Xue, Caiqiang
Niu, Lei
Liu, Song
Liu, Yingchao
Song, Shuangshuang
Liu, Xuejun
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82202113)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82202113)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82202113)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82202113)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82202113)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82202113)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82202113)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82202113)
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR202108090005)
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR202108090005)
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR202108090005)
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR202108090005)
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR202108090005)
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR202108090005)
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR202108090005)
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR202108090005)
Shandong Provincial Medical and Health Science and Technology Development Program (202109040575)
Shandong Provincial Medical and Health Science and Technology Development Program (202109040575)
Shandong Provincial Medical and Health Science and Technology Development Program (202109040575)
Shandong Provincial Medical and Health Science and Technology Development Program (202109040575)
Shandong Provincial Medical and Health Science and Technology Development Program (202109040575)
Shandong Provincial Medical and Health Science and Technology Development Program (202109040575)
Shandong Provincial Medical and Health Science and Technology Development Program (202109040575)
Shandong Provincial Medical and Health Science and Technology Development Program (202109040575)
Qingdao Postdoctoral Project (RZ2300000831)
Qingdao Postdoctoral Project (RZ2300000831)
Qingdao Postdoctoral Project (RZ2300000831)
Qingdao Postdoctoral Project (RZ2300000831)
Qingdao Postdoctoral Project (RZ2300000831)
Qingdao Postdoctoral Project (RZ2300000831)
Qingdao Postdoctoral Project (RZ2300000831)
Qingdao Postdoctoral Project (RZ2300000831)
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Article History
Received: 14 July 2025
Revised: 29 October 2025
Accepted: 8 November 2025
First Online: 23 January 2026
Declarations
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: The study protocol was approved by the ethics committee of Qingdao University Affiliated Hospital and Provincial Hospital to Shandong First Medical University. This retrospective study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The need for informed consent was waived because of the retrospective nature of the study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
