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Authors
Tang, Zhiyuan
Huang, Chengzhi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program,China (JCYJ20200109114244249)
Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program,China (JCYJ20200109114244249)
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Article History
Received: 28 August 2025
Revised: 26 November 2025
Accepted: 10 December 2025
First Online: 6 January 2026
Declarations
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: This retrospective study utilized fully anonymized medical records. According to the Institutional Review Board/Ethics Committee of the institution where the study was conducted, formal ethical approval was not required because the study involved no direct patient contact, interventions, or risk of harm. All data were de-identified prior to analysis, and patient confidentiality was strictly maintained. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Written informed consent for participation and publication of anonymized clinical information (including age, sex, and clinical details) was obtained from all patients or, where applicable, their legal guardians.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
