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Authors
Bolton, William S.
Adebola, Oluwaseyi
Ramakrishnan, Piravin K.
Reveendran, Dharsshini
Crispi, Vassili
Digby, Richard
Sinha, Rohitashwa
Chakrabarty, Arundhati
Mathew, Ryan K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2609-9876
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Article History
Received: 1 July 2025
Revised: 3 December 2025
Accepted: 19 December 2025
First Online: 17 February 2026
Declarations
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: This project was registered with the local neurosurgical governance team at Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust as a service evaluation. In line with UK Health Research Authority (HRA) guidance, the work was judged to assess and optimise an existing service without altering patient care pathways or randomising patients to different interventions and therefore did not require NHS Research Ethics Committee review. All patients had already provided written consent for the use of surplus resected tissue for research and education.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
