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Authors
Xiao, ZhenKun
Duan, YongHong
Yang, YiBo
Wang, FeiYiFan
Wang, Bing
Liu, AiHua
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province (2021A1515111207)
Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (JCYJ20220530144412028)
Natural Science Foundation of China (81771233, 82171290 and NSFC82202891)
the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation General Program (2022JJ30520)
Major Project of National Clinical Key Specialty, Hunan Provincial Health Commission (20230279)
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Article History
Received: 15 July 2025
Revised: 9 December 2025
Accepted: 21 December 2025
First Online: 24 January 2026
Declarations
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: The MIMIC-IV project received approval from the Institutional Review Boards of both the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. Patient information was anonymized, thereby obviating the need for informed consent from individual patients for this study. The corresponding author completed the required training for accessing the database and obtained the necessary credentials to access the MIMIC-IV database(Credential ID: 66787307).
: All authors have consented to the publication of this work in its current form.
: This manuscript complies with all the relevant instructions to authors provided for submission.
: This manuscript has not been published elsewhere and is not under consideration by any other journal.
: The STROBE checklist was followed in preparing this manuscript.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
