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Authors
Chang, Chih-Ju
Chang, Kai-Chieh
Liu, Zhao-Quan
Hsiao, Yu-Ching
Fang, Jing-Jing
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Cheng Kung University
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Article History
Received: 15 July 2025
Revised: 20 October 2025
Accepted: 25 December 2025
First Online: 22 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the Cathay General Hospital (CGH-IRB number: CGH-P113062). The procedures used in this study adhere to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: The IRB approved the waiver of the participants’ consent.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
