Shi, Hang
Zou, Zijun
Chen, Liang
Li, Weichao
Article History
Received: 11 September 2025
Revised: 10 January 2026
Accepted: 27 January 2026
First Online: 20 February 2026
Declarations
:
: Data for this study were obtained from the MIMIC database, which ensures ethical collection and anonymization to protect individual privacy. As our research uses only pre-existing, publicly available data without any direct interaction with human subjects or new data collection, no additional ethical approval was necessary. Thus, no ethical statement is provided.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.