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Authors
Wang, Mei-Hua
Li, Rui
Deng, Xinyu
Zhang, Jun
Guo, Yu
Chen, Yanjie
Wu, Gang
Xi, Caihua
Hu, Jin
Yang, Lei
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82471407)
the Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Center, Medical Technology Promotion and Optimization Management project for municipal hospitals (SHDC22022210)
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Article History
Received: 10 December 2025
Revised: 1 February 2026
Accepted: 6 February 2026
First Online: 17 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Clinical Ethics Committee of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University.
: The patients’ written consent was not required because this study is a retrospective observational cohort study.
: Authors Meihua Wang and Lei Yang take full responsibility for the work and conduct of the study, had access to the data, and controlled the decision to publish.
: Not commissioned, externally peer-reviewed.
: Not applicable.
: The authors of this work have nothing to disclose.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
