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Article History

Received: 22 October 2025

Revised: 19 January 2026

Accepted: 22 April 2026

First Online: 11 May 2026

Declarations

:

: All clinical data used in this study were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board, and the study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University (approval No. KY2020-054-02).

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study, as well as from their parents.

: This manuscript does not contain any individual personal data, images, or videos in any form. Consent for the use of anonymized information was obtained from the parents or legal guardians of the pediatric participants.

: not applicable. This study is a retrospective cohort study and does not require clinical trial registration.

: The authors declare no competing interests.