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Article History

Received: 5 May 2025

Accepted: 7 July 2025

First Online: 22 July 2025

Declarations

:

: Tadaaki Yamada received grants from Ono Pharmaceutical, Janssen, AstraZeneca, and Takeda Pharmaceutical; personal fees from Eli Lilly; and held a pending patent for PCT/JP2018/038202 with Ono Pharmaceutical outside of the submitted work. Hisashi Tanaka received speaking honoraria from Ono Pharmaceutical, Bristol Myers Squibb, AstraZeneca, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Boehringer Ingelheim, Pfizer, Takeda Pharmaceutical, MSD-Merck, and Amgen. Makoto Hibino received speaking honoraria from Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., and Eli Lilly and was involved in a collaborative research project with Shionogi & Co., Ltd. outside the submitted work. Koichi Takayama received research grants from Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. and Ono Pharmaceutical and personal fees from AstraZeneca, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., MSD-Merck, Eli Lilly, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Daiichi-Sankyo outside the purview of the submitted work. The remaining authors declared that they have no conflicts of interest.

: All procedures involving human participants in this study were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This study was approved by the Ethics Review Board of the Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine as well as the Ethics Review Board of each hospital (approval no. ERB-C-2988, approval date: November 14, 2023).

: As this was a retrospective study, the need for informed consent was waived by the ethics committee of each hospital. Patients were given the opportunity to opt out on the official study website.

: Not applicable.