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Authors
Iwai, Chikako https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8260-4200
Konishi, Takaaki
Aso, Shotaro
Matsui, Hiroki
Fushimi, Kiyohide
Yasunaga, Hideo
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (23AA2003, 24AA2006)
the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (23AA2003)
The University of Tokyo
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Article History
Received: 9 April 2025
Accepted: 20 August 2025
First Online: 22 September 2025
Declarations
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: Shotaro Aso and Hideo Yasunaga have received financial contributions from Tsumura & Company (Tokyo, Japan) because they have academic affiliations with the Department of Health Services Research, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo supported by Tsumura & Company. Tsumura & Company played no role in this study. The authors report no other conflicts of interest in this work.
: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of The University of Tokyo, which waived the requirement for informed consent owing to the anonymity of the patient database (Approval Number: 3501–5). This research was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.
