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Authors
Saito, Yoshitaka https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9821-7917
Takekuma, Yoh
Sakakibara-Konishi, Jun
Shimizu, Yasushi
Kinoshita, Ichiro
Sugawara, Mitsuru
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Article History
Received: 13 August 2025
Accepted: 11 December 2025
First Online: 20 December 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
: This study was approved by the Ethical Review Board for Life Science and Medical Research of Hokkaido University Hospital (approval number: 024–0432) and was performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The requirement for informed consent from the participants was waived by the Ethical Review Board for Life Science and Medical Research of Hokkaido University Hospital, considering the retrospective nature of the present study.
: Formal consent was not required for this type of study.
: Not applicable.
