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Authors
Hattori, Masakatsu https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3616-2794
Mizuno, Kayoko https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6084-9845
Honda, Munenori https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7309-5627
Yoshida, Satomi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3411-9427
Kawakami, Koji https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7477-4071
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Article History
Received: 6 October 2025
Accepted: 4 February 2026
First Online: 12 February 2026
Declarations
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: Masakatsu Hattori is an employee of Real World Data Co., Ltd. Kayoko Mizuno was employed by the Department of Digital Health and Epidemiology, with support from Eisai Co., Ltd. and Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd. Koji Kawakami has received research funds from AstraZeneca K.K., Eisai Co., Ltd., Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., OMRON Corporation, and Toppan Inc.; consulting fees from Advanced Medical Care Inc., JMDC Inc., LEBER Inc., Ubicom Holdings, Inc., Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories Ltd.; executive compensation from Cancer Intelligence Care Systems, Inc. and Mytreya Inc.; honoraria from Kyoto University Original Co., Ltd., Pharma Business Academy Ltd., Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and SANSHO Co., Ltd. The other authors report no conflicts of interest.
: The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Kyoto University Hospital (approval number: R3254).
: The requirement for informed consent was waived because the data were anonymized by the provider.
