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Article History

Received: 20 April 2026

Accepted: 14 May 2026

First Online: 6 June 2026

Declarations

:

: T. Hashimoto reports speakers’ bureau from CytoGen, Myriad Genetics, Inc., Miyarisan Pharmaceutical, Inc., Guardant Health Pte Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceutical, and Takata Pharmaceutical; research funding from Takeda Pharmaceutical and TEMPUS, Inc.; and advisory role with Guardant Health Pte Ltd. T. Fujisawa reports honoraria from Amelieff, AstraZeneca, and MSD. T. Shibuki reports personal fees from AstraZeneca and Novartis Pharma. S. Okano reports personal fees from Taiho Pharmaceutical, Eisai, Bayer Yakuhin, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Ono Pharmaceutical, Daiichi Sankyo, AstraZeneca, MSD, Incyte, and Nihon Servier. C. Morizane reports grants from Eisai, Yakult, Ono, Taiho, J-Pharma, AstraZeneca, Merck, Daiichi Sankyo, and Boehringer Ingelheim; consulting fees from Yakult, MSD, Nihon Servier, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Taiho; and honoraria from Novartis, Yakult, Teijin Pharma, Taiho, Eisai, MSD, and AstraZeneca. N. Nonomura reports lecturer fees from Janssen, Pfizer, Astellas, Takeda, Ono, Novartis, MSD, AstraZeneca, Merck, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS); and research expenses from J-Oil Mills, Taiho, Nippon Shinyaku, Pfizer, Astellas, and AstraZeneca. H. Iwata reports grant from Chugai, Daiichi Sankyo, and AstraZeneca; consulting fees from Chugai, Daiichi Sankyo, AstraZeneca, MSD, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, and Gilead; and honoraria from Daiichi Sankyo, Chugai, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, MSD, Pfizer, Taiho, and Kyowa Kirin. H. Watari reports honoraria from AstraZeneca, Takeda, MSD, and Chugai. K. Namikawa reports honoraria from Ono, Novartis, BMS, MSD, LEO Pharma, and Kaken Pharmaceutical; served as an advisory board for Novartis, MSD, Rakuten Medical, Taiho, and Chugai; and received institutional research grants from HUYABIO International, Takara Bio, MSD, and Toray Industries. Y. Naito reports research funding (to institution) from AbbVie, Ono Pharmaceutical, Daiichi Sankyo, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Pfizer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Eisai, AstraZeneca, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Bayer, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Anthos Therapeutics, and Gilead Sciences; consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Eisai, Gilead Sciences, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Bayer, Daiichi Sankyo, and Ono Pharmaceutical; and speakers’ bureau from AstraZeneca, Eisai, Ono Pharmaceutical, Guardant Health, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Chugai Pharmaceutical, PDR Pharma, Nihon Kayaku, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Bristol Myers Squibb, Bayer, Daiichi Sankyo, MSD, and Gilead Sciences. H.Bando reports honoraria from Ono Pharmaceutical, Taiho Pharmaceutical, and Guardant Health. T. Yoshino reports honoraria from Chugai, Takeda, Merck, and Ono; consulting fees from Sumitomo Corp, and Indivumed; and research grants from Bristol-Myers, Chugai, Caris, Daiichi Sankyo, Eisai, Exact Sciences, FALCO Biosystems, Medical & Biological Laboratories, Merus N.V., MSD, Miyarisan, Natera, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim, Ono, Pfizer, Sysmex, Taiho, and Takeda. The other authors declare no potential conflicts of interest.