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Authors
Matsukawa, Atsuki https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2787-7793
Kato, Taigo
Oki, Masaharu
Takao, Tetsuya
Inoki, Lan
Sato, Mototaka
Okada, Koichi
Maekawa, Takahiro
Imanaka, Takahiro
Nakayama, Jiro
Tomiyama, Eisuke
Nagahara, Akira
Ishizuya, Yu
Hayashi, Takuji
Yamamoto, Yoshiyuki
Hatano, Koji
Kawashima, Atsunari
Nakayama, Masashi
Takayama, Hitoshi
Ono, Yutaka
Takada, Shingo
Nishimura, Kensaku
Fujita, Kazutoshi
Imamura, Ryoichi
Nonomura, Norio
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Article History
Received: 11 June 2026
Accepted: 23 August 2026
First Online: 8 October 2026
Declarations
Conflicts of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest relevant to the contents of this article.
Ethical approval: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of each participating institution (approval number 23327 at The University of Osaka Graduate School of Medicine, the coordinating institution). The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
Consent to participate: Given the retrospective nature of the study, the requirement for written informed consent was waived; an opt-out consent procedure was employed, with study information disclosed on the institutional websites of the participating centers.
