Mizrahi, I.
de Lacy, F. B.
Abu-Gazala, M.
Fernandez, L. M.
Otero, A.
Sands, D. R.
Lacy, A. M.
Wexner, S. D.
Article History
Received: 27 May 2018
Accepted: 15 October 2018
First Online: 14 November 2018
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: SDW is a paid consultant for Medtronic, NOVADAQ, Intuitive Surgical, and Karl Storz Endoscopy and is entitled to royalty payments from Karl Storz Endoscopy, Medtronic and Intuitive Surgical. The other authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
: This retrospective study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB), or equivalent, of all centers participating in this study. In addition, the data was retrieved from IRB-approved databases from all centers. IRB approval from all centers has been clearly stated in the manuscript.
: All patients at all centers were consented prior to undergoing surgery.