Turner, M. C.
Becerra, D.
Sun, Z.
Watson, J.
Leung, K.
Migaly, J.
Mantyh, C. R.
Blazer, D. G.
Article History
Received: 25 October 2018
Accepted: 2 May 2019
First Online: 12 June 2019
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
: This study was granted exempt status by the Duke Institutional Review Board given the de-identified nature of the dataset.
: Informed consent was not performed in this setting.
: The data were acquired by application through the National Cancer Database (NCDB). The statistical analysis was performed in R (Vienna, Austria). The NCDB is a joint project of the Commission on Cancer of the American College of Surgeons and the American Cancer Society. The data used in this study are derived from a de-identified NCDB file. The American College of Surgeons and the Commission on Cancer have not verified and are not responsible for the analytic or statistical methodology employed, or the conclusions drawn from these data by the investigators.