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Article History

Received: 9 April 2025

Accepted: 6 June 2025

First Online: 29 December 2025

Declarations

:

: No datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Korea University Anam Hospital (Approval No. 2024AN0002) and conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: Owing to the retrospective design and anonymized nature of the data, the requirement for informed consent was waived by the IRB of Korea University Anam Hospital.

: Eunhae Cho (E.C.) is the primary author of this manuscript, and was responsible for study design, data collection, and analysis. Hyo Seon Ryu (H.S.R.) and Ji-Seon Kim (J.S.K.) contributed to data collection. Se-Jin Baek (S.J.B.) and Jung-Myun Kwak (J.M.K.) contributed to study conception. Jin Kim (J.K.) contributed to study conception, data collection, and manuscript review. All authors reviewed the manuscript and approved.

: The authors have no relevant financial or nonfinancial interests to disclose. No funding was received for conducting this study. This study was approved by the Korea University Institutional Review Board (IRB) (approval no. 2024AN0002).