Document is current

Article History

Received: 4 August 2025

Accepted: 9 October 2025

First Online: 8 December 2025

Declarations

:

: AH: has served as consultant, advisory board member or speaker for AbbVie, Arena, Atlantic, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Celltrion, Falk, Galapogos, Lilly, Janssen, MSD, Napp Pharmaceuticals, Pfizer, Pharmacosmos, Shire and Takeda. She also serves on the Global Steering Committee for Genentech. PT: Speaker fees and/or advisory board for Takeda, J&J, Tillots, Ferring and Falk. SDH: consulting fees; Takeda; Funding: Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation, American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons. The remaining authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

: The authors are accountable for all aspects of the work, ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. Institutional approval from the board was not required. No ethical approval was required for this systematic review. Patient consent was not required for this systematic review.

: Patient consent was obtained for the clinical photography in the article.

: During the preparation of this work, the author used PaperPal to proofread the grammar and punctuation. After using this tool/service, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as needed and took full responsibility for the publication’s content.